Monday, 28 November 2016
ION IMPLANTATION
ION implantation
Ion implantation is a materials engineering process by which ions of
a material are accelerated in an electrical field and impacted into a
solid. This process is used to change the physical, chemical, or
electrical properties of the solid. Ion implantation is used in
semiconductor device fabrication and in metal finishing, as well as
various applications in materials science research. The ions alter the
elemental composition of the target (if the ions differ in composition
from the target), stopping in the target and staying there. They also
cause many chemical and physical changes in the target by transferring
their energy and momentum to the electrons and atomic nuclei of the
target material. This causes a structural change, in that the crystal
structure of the target can be damaged or even destroyed by the
energetic collision cascades. Because the ions have masses comparable
to those of the target atoms, they knock the target atoms out of place
more than electron beams do. If the ion energy is sufficiently high
(usually tens of MeV) to overcome the coulomb barrier, there can even
be a small amount of nuclear transmutation.
Contents
1 General principle
2 Application in semiconductor device fabrication
2.1 Doping
2.2 Silicon on insulator
2.3 Mesotaxy
3 Application in metal finishing
3.1 Tool steel toughening
3.2 Surface finishing
4 Other applications
4.1 Ion beam mixing
5 Problems with ion implantation
5.1 Crystallographic damage
5.2 Damage recovery
5.3 Amorphization
5.4 Sputtering
5.5 Ion channelling
6 Hazardous materials
6.1 High voltage safety
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
General principle
Ion implantation equipment typically consists of an ion source, where ions
of the desired element are produced, an accelerator, where the ions are
electrostatically accelerated to a high energy, and a target chamber, where
the ions impinge on a target, which is the material to be implanted. Thus
ion implantation is a special case of particle radiation. Each ion is typically
a single atom or molecule, and thus the actual amount of material implanted
in the target is the integral over time of the ion current. This amount is
called the dose. The currents supplied by implanters are typically small
(microamperes), and thus the dose which can be implanted in a reasonable
amount of time is small. Therefore, ion implantation finds application in
cases where the amount of chemical change required is small.
Typical ion energies are in the range of 10 to 500 keV (1,600 to 80,000 aJ).
Energies in the range 1 to 10 keV (160 to 1,600 aJ) can be used, but result
in a penetration of only a few nanometers or less. Energies lower than this
result in very little damage to the target, and fall under the designation ion
beam deposition. Higher energies can also be used: accelerators capable of 5 MeV (800,000 aJ) are common.
However, there is often great structural damage to the target, and because the depth distribution is broad (Bragg
peak), the net composition change at any point in the target will be small.
The energy of the ions, as well as the ion species and the composition of the target determine the depth of
penetration of the ions in the solid: A monoenergetic ion beam will generally have a broad depth distribution. The
average penetration depth is called the range of the ions. Under typical circumstances ion ranges will be between
10 nanometers and 1 micrometer. Thus, ion implantation is especially useful in cases where the chemical or
structural change is desired to be near the surface of the target. Ions gradually lose their energy as they travel
through the solid, both from occasional collisions with target atoms (which cause abrupt energy transfers) and from
a mild drag from overlap of electron orbitals, which is a continuous process. The loss of ion energy in the target is
called stopping and can be simulated with the binary collision approximation method.
Accelerator systems for ion implantation are generally classified into medium current (ion beam currents between
10 μA and ~2 mA), high current (ion beam currents up to ~30 mA), high energy (ion energies above 200 keV and
up to 10 MeV), and very high dose (efficient implant of dose greater than 1016 ions/cm2).
All varieties of ion implantation beamline designs contain certain general groups of functional components (see
image). The first major segment of an ion beamline includes a device known as an ion source to generate the ion
species. The source is closely coupled to biased electrodes for extraction of the ions into the beamline and most
often to some means of selecting a particular ion species for transport into the main accelerator section. The "mass"
selection is often accompanied by passage of the extracted ion beam through a magnetic field region with an exit
path restricted by blocking apertures, or "slits", that allow only ions with a specific value of the product of mass
and velocity/charge to continue down the beamline. If the target surface is larger than the ion beam diameter and a
uniform distribution of implanted dose is desired over the target surface, then some combination of beam scanning
and wafer motion is used. Finally, the implanted surface is coupled with some method for collecting the
accumulated charge of the implanted ions so that the delivered dose can be measured in a continuous fashion and
the implant process stopped at the desired dose level.[1]
Application in semiconductor device fabrication
Doping
•The introduction of dopants in a semiconductor is the most common application of ion implantation. • Dopant
ions such as boron, phosphorus or arsenic are generally created from a gas source, so that the purity of the source
can be very high. •These gases tend to be very hazardous. When implanted in a semiconductor, each dopant atom
can create a charge carrier in the semiconductor after annealing. A hole can be created for a ptype
dopant, and an
electron for an ntype
dopant. This modifies the conductivity of the semiconductor in its vicinity. The technique is
used, for example, for adjusting the threshold of a MOSFET.
Ion implantation was developed as a method of producing the pn
junction of photovoltaic devices in the late
1970s and early 1980s,[2] along with the use of pulsedelectron
beam for rapid annealing,[3] although it has not to
date been used for commercial production.
Silicon on insulator
One prominent method for preparing silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates from conventional silicon substrates is
the SIMOX (separation by implantation of oxygen) process, wherein a buried high dose oxygen implant is
converted to silicon oxide by a high temperature annealing process.
Mesotaxy
Mesotaxy is the term for the growth of a crystallographically matching phase underneath the surface of the host
crystal (compare to epitaxy, which is the growth of the matching phase on the surface of a substrate). In this
process, ions are implanted at a high enough energy and dose into a material to create a layer of a second phase,
and the temperature is controlled so that the crystal structure of the target is not destroyed. The crystal orientation
of the layer can be engineered to match that of the target, even though the exact crystal structure and lattice
constant may be very different. For example, after the implantation of nickel ions into a silicon wafer, a layer of
nickel silicide can be grown in which the crystal orientation of the silicide matches that of the silicon.
Application in metal finishing
Tool steel toughening
Nitrogen or other ions can be implanted into a tool steel target (drill bits, for example). The structural change
caused by the implantation produces a surface compression in the steel, which prevents crack propagation and thus
makes the material more resistant to fracture. The chemical change can also make the tool more resistant to
corrosion.
Surface finishing
In some applications, for example prosthetic devices such as artificial joints, it is desired to have surfaces very
resistant to both chemical corrosion and wear due to friction. Ion implantation is used in such cases to engineer the
surfaces of such devices for more reliable performance. As in the case of tool steels, the surface modification
caused by ion implantation includes both a surface compression which prevents crack propagation and an alloying
of the surface to make it more chemically resistant to corrosion.
Other applications
Ion beam mixing
GTU project
Gujarat Technological University
Project Monitoring and Mentoring System (PMMS)
USER MANUAL FOR INTERNAL GUIDE
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 2 | 56
Table of Contents
1. Internal Guide Dashboard ............................................................................................................. 3
2. Change Password .......................................................................................................................... 5
3. Team Approval Requests .............................................................................................................. 6
4. Request for Add Team Member ................................................................................................... 8
5. Request to Remove Students ........................................................................................................ 9
6. Request to Remove Students Report .......................................................................................... 10
7. Request to Change Team Lead ................................................................................................... 11
8. List of Request to Change Team Leader ..................................................................................... 13
9. List of Projects Approval for Mentorship .................................................................................... 15
10. Student Activity Analysis by Authority .................................................................................... 16
11. Periodic Progress Report (PPR) ............................................................................................... 18
12. Design Engineering Canvas ..................................................................................................... 23
13. PSAR ........................................................................................................................................ 28
14. Plagiarism Report .................................................................................................................... 34
15. Project Report ......................................................................................................................... 38
16. Completion Certificate ............................................................................................................ 42
17. Internal Guide Dashboard ....................................................................................................... 44
18. Active Projects......................................................................................................................... 46
19. Internal Guide Dashboard ....................................................................................................... 48
20. List of Business Model Canvas (BMC) ..................................................................................... 50
21. PDE Reports............................................................................................................................. 53
22. Completion Certificate ............................................................................................................ 56
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 3 | 56
1. Internal Guide Dashboard
1. Go to Internal Guide Dashboard tab from My Account menu as shown in below screen.
A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 4 | 56
2. Dashboard will be displayed.
B
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 5 | 56
2. Change Password
1. Go to Change Password tab from My Account menu as shown in below screen.
2. Fill the required details as shown in figure below
3. Click on Change Password Button
A B C
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 6 | 56
3. Team Approval Requests
1. Go to Team Approval Requests tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
2. Click on Search Button
3. Click on View Details link
A B C
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 7 | 56
4. Approve/Reject team as per your desired
D
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 8 | 56
4. Request for Add Team Member
1. Go to Request for Add Team Member tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
2. Approve/Reject request for Add Team Member submitted by Team Leader of the team under your guidance
A B
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 9 | 56
5. Request to Remove Students
1. Go to Request to Remove Students tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
2. Select Project Name
3. Approve/Reject Request to Remove Students submitted by Team Leader of the team under your guidance
A B C
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 10 | 56
6. Request to Remove Students Report
1. Go to Request to Remove Students Report tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
2. Select Project Name
3. List will be displayed with status (i.e. Pending or Approved)
B A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 11 | 56
7. Request to Change Team Lead
1. Go to Request for Request to Change Team Lead tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
2. Select Project Name Click on Search Button
3. Approve/Reject the list of all Requests to Change Team Lead
A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 12 | 56
C B
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 13 | 56
8. List of Request to Change Team Leader
1. Go to List of Request to Change Team Leader tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
2. Select Project Name
3. List of Request to Change Team Leader will be displayed with its status
A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 14 | 56
B C
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 15 | 56
9. List of Projects Approval for Mentorship
1. Go to List of Projects Approval for Mentorship tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
2. Click on Search Button
A B
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 16 | 56
10. Student Activity Analysis by Authority
1. Go to Student Activity Analysis by Authority tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
2. Enter student’s enrollment number
3. Click Search Button.
4. Students activity details will be displayed
A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 17 | 56
B C D
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 18 | 56
11. Periodic Progress Report (PPR)
1. Go to Periodic Progress Report (PPR) tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 19 | 56
2. Enter student’s enrollment number
3. Click Search Button.
4. Click on View Link
B C D
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 20 | 56
5. All students submitted/commented ppr list will be displayed
6. Click on Review/Comment Link to review/comment your students activity
F E
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 21 | 56
7. Fill desired Comments on Activity
8. Click SUBMIT COMENTS/REVIEW Button to respectively comment/review the desired activity
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 22 | 56
G H
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 23 | 56
12. Design Engineering Canvas
1. Go to Design Engineering Canvas tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 24 | 56
2. Read all the instructions and Click on PROCEED Button
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 25 | 56
3. Click Search Button.
4. Click on Review/Comment Link to review/comment your students activity
C B
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 26 | 56
5. Fill desired Comments on Activity
6. Click SUBMIT COMENTS/REVIEW Button to respectively comment/review the desired activity
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 27 | 56
D E
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 28 | 56
13. PSAR
1. Go to Request for PSAR tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
2. Read all the instructions and Click on PROCEED Button
. A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 29 | 56
B
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 30 | 56
3. Enter desired Enrollment number and Click on Search Button
D C
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 31 | 56
4. Click on Review/Comment Link to review/comment your students activity
5. Click on View details link
E
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 32 | 56
6. Fill desired Comments on Activity
7. Click SUBMIT COMENTS/REVIEW Button to respectively comment/review the desired activity
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 33 | 56
E F
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 34 | 56
14. Plagiarism Report
1. Go to Plagiarism Report tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
2. Read all the instructions and Click on PROCEED Button
A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 35 | 56
B
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 36 | 56
3. Click Search Button
4. Click on Review/Comment Link to review/comment your students activity
C D
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 37 | 56
5. Fill desired Comments on Activity
6. Click SUBMIT COMENTS/REVIEW Button to respectively comment/review the desired activity
E F
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 38 | 56
15. Project Report
1. Go to Project Report tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 39 | 56
2. Read all the instructions and Click on PROCEED Button
B
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 40 | 56
3. Click on Search Button
4. Click on Review/Comment Link to review/comment your students activity
C D
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 41 | 56
5. Fill desired Comments on Activity
6. Click SUBMIT COMENTS/REVIEW Button to respectively comment/review the desired activity
E F
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 42 | 56
16. Completion Certificate
1. Go to Completion Certificate tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 43 | 56
2. Click Search button
3. Download Certificate of each and every student under you whose all activities have been reviewed by you.
C B
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 44 | 56
17. Internal Guide Dashboard
1. Go to Internal Guide Dashboard tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 45 | 56
2. Dashboard will be displayed
B
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 46 | 56
18. Active Projects
1. Go to Active Projects tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen and all active projects list that are currently under your guidance will be listed.
2. Click on Search Button
3. Click on View details link
A C B
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 47 | 56
4. You can View Team Profile of the students team under your guidance
D
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 48 | 56
BE 8 semester 19. Internal Guide Dashboard
1. Go to Internal Guide Dashboard tab from My Account menu as shown in below screen.
A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 49 | 56
2. Dashboard will be displayed
B
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 50 | 56
20. List of Business Model Canvas (BMC)
1. Go to List of Business Model Canvas (BMC) tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
2. Click on Search Button
3. Click on Review/Comment Link to review/comment your students activity
A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 51 | 56
4. Comment on respective Activity
5. Click SUBMIT COMENTS/REVIEW Button to respectively comment/review the desired activity B C
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 52 | 56
D E
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 53 | 56
21. PDE Reports
1. Go to List of PDE Reports tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
2. Click on Search Button
3. Click on Review/Comment Link to review/comment your students activity
A B C
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 54 | 56
4. Comment on respective Activity
5. Click SUBMIT COMENTS/REVIEW Button to respectively comment/review the desired activity
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 55 | 56
D E
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 56 | 56
22. Completion Certificate
Project Monitoring and Mentoring System (PMMS)
USER MANUAL FOR INTERNAL GUIDE
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 2 | 56
Table of Contents
1. Internal Guide Dashboard ............................................................................................................. 3
2. Change Password .......................................................................................................................... 5
3. Team Approval Requests .............................................................................................................. 6
4. Request for Add Team Member ................................................................................................... 8
5. Request to Remove Students ........................................................................................................ 9
6. Request to Remove Students Report .......................................................................................... 10
7. Request to Change Team Lead ................................................................................................... 11
8. List of Request to Change Team Leader ..................................................................................... 13
9. List of Projects Approval for Mentorship .................................................................................... 15
10. Student Activity Analysis by Authority .................................................................................... 16
11. Periodic Progress Report (PPR) ............................................................................................... 18
12. Design Engineering Canvas ..................................................................................................... 23
13. PSAR ........................................................................................................................................ 28
14. Plagiarism Report .................................................................................................................... 34
15. Project Report ......................................................................................................................... 38
16. Completion Certificate ............................................................................................................ 42
17. Internal Guide Dashboard ....................................................................................................... 44
18. Active Projects......................................................................................................................... 46
19. Internal Guide Dashboard ....................................................................................................... 48
20. List of Business Model Canvas (BMC) ..................................................................................... 50
21. PDE Reports............................................................................................................................. 53
22. Completion Certificate ............................................................................................................ 56
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 3 | 56
1. Internal Guide Dashboard
1. Go to Internal Guide Dashboard tab from My Account menu as shown in below screen.
A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 4 | 56
2. Dashboard will be displayed.
B
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 5 | 56
2. Change Password
1. Go to Change Password tab from My Account menu as shown in below screen.
2. Fill the required details as shown in figure below
3. Click on Change Password Button
A B C
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 6 | 56
3. Team Approval Requests
1. Go to Team Approval Requests tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
2. Click on Search Button
3. Click on View Details link
A B C
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 7 | 56
4. Approve/Reject team as per your desired
D
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 8 | 56
4. Request for Add Team Member
1. Go to Request for Add Team Member tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
2. Approve/Reject request for Add Team Member submitted by Team Leader of the team under your guidance
A B
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 9 | 56
5. Request to Remove Students
1. Go to Request to Remove Students tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
2. Select Project Name
3. Approve/Reject Request to Remove Students submitted by Team Leader of the team under your guidance
A B C
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 10 | 56
6. Request to Remove Students Report
1. Go to Request to Remove Students Report tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
2. Select Project Name
3. List will be displayed with status (i.e. Pending or Approved)
B A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 11 | 56
7. Request to Change Team Lead
1. Go to Request for Request to Change Team Lead tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
2. Select Project Name Click on Search Button
3. Approve/Reject the list of all Requests to Change Team Lead
A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 12 | 56
C B
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 13 | 56
8. List of Request to Change Team Leader
1. Go to List of Request to Change Team Leader tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
2. Select Project Name
3. List of Request to Change Team Leader will be displayed with its status
A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 14 | 56
B C
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 15 | 56
9. List of Projects Approval for Mentorship
1. Go to List of Projects Approval for Mentorship tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
2. Click on Search Button
A B
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 16 | 56
10. Student Activity Analysis by Authority
1. Go to Student Activity Analysis by Authority tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
2. Enter student’s enrollment number
3. Click Search Button.
4. Students activity details will be displayed
A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 17 | 56
B C D
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 18 | 56
11. Periodic Progress Report (PPR)
1. Go to Periodic Progress Report (PPR) tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 19 | 56
2. Enter student’s enrollment number
3. Click Search Button.
4. Click on View Link
B C D
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 20 | 56
5. All students submitted/commented ppr list will be displayed
6. Click on Review/Comment Link to review/comment your students activity
F E
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 21 | 56
7. Fill desired Comments on Activity
8. Click SUBMIT COMENTS/REVIEW Button to respectively comment/review the desired activity
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 22 | 56
G H
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 23 | 56
12. Design Engineering Canvas
1. Go to Design Engineering Canvas tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 24 | 56
2. Read all the instructions and Click on PROCEED Button
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 25 | 56
3. Click Search Button.
4. Click on Review/Comment Link to review/comment your students activity
C B
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 26 | 56
5. Fill desired Comments on Activity
6. Click SUBMIT COMENTS/REVIEW Button to respectively comment/review the desired activity
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 27 | 56
D E
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 28 | 56
13. PSAR
1. Go to Request for PSAR tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
2. Read all the instructions and Click on PROCEED Button
. A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 29 | 56
B
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 30 | 56
3. Enter desired Enrollment number and Click on Search Button
D C
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 31 | 56
4. Click on Review/Comment Link to review/comment your students activity
5. Click on View details link
E
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 32 | 56
6. Fill desired Comments on Activity
7. Click SUBMIT COMENTS/REVIEW Button to respectively comment/review the desired activity
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 33 | 56
E F
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 34 | 56
14. Plagiarism Report
1. Go to Plagiarism Report tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
2. Read all the instructions and Click on PROCEED Button
A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 35 | 56
B
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 36 | 56
3. Click Search Button
4. Click on Review/Comment Link to review/comment your students activity
C D
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 37 | 56
5. Fill desired Comments on Activity
6. Click SUBMIT COMENTS/REVIEW Button to respectively comment/review the desired activity
E F
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 38 | 56
15. Project Report
1. Go to Project Report tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 39 | 56
2. Read all the instructions and Click on PROCEED Button
B
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 40 | 56
3. Click on Search Button
4. Click on Review/Comment Link to review/comment your students activity
C D
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 41 | 56
5. Fill desired Comments on Activity
6. Click SUBMIT COMENTS/REVIEW Button to respectively comment/review the desired activity
E F
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 42 | 56
16. Completion Certificate
1. Go to Completion Certificate tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 43 | 56
2. Click Search button
3. Download Certificate of each and every student under you whose all activities have been reviewed by you.
C B
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 44 | 56
17. Internal Guide Dashboard
1. Go to Internal Guide Dashboard tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 45 | 56
2. Dashboard will be displayed
B
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 46 | 56
18. Active Projects
1. Go to Active Projects tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen and all active projects list that are currently under your guidance will be listed.
2. Click on Search Button
3. Click on View details link
A C B
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 47 | 56
4. You can View Team Profile of the students team under your guidance
D
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 48 | 56
BE 8 semester 19. Internal Guide Dashboard
1. Go to Internal Guide Dashboard tab from My Account menu as shown in below screen.
A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 49 | 56
2. Dashboard will be displayed
B
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 50 | 56
20. List of Business Model Canvas (BMC)
1. Go to List of Business Model Canvas (BMC) tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
2. Click on Search Button
3. Click on Review/Comment Link to review/comment your students activity
A
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 51 | 56
4. Comment on respective Activity
5. Click SUBMIT COMENTS/REVIEW Button to respectively comment/review the desired activity B C
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 52 | 56
D E
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 53 | 56
21. PDE Reports
1. Go to List of PDE Reports tab from Internal Guide menu as shown in below screen.
2. Click on Search Button
3. Click on Review/Comment Link to review/comment your students activity
A B C
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 54 | 56
4. Comment on respective Activity
5. Click SUBMIT COMENTS/REVIEW Button to respectively comment/review the desired activity
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 55 | 56
D E
GTU Innovation Council
PMMS – User Manual for Internal Guide Page 56 | 56
22. Completion Certificate
FUELS, FURNACES, REFRACTORIES AND PYROMETRY 2152104
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
METALLURGY ENGINEERING (21)
FUELS, FURNACES, REFRACTORIES AND PYROMETRY
SUBJECT CODE: 2152104
B.E. 5th SEMESTER
Type of course: Engineering Science
Prerequisite: Knowledge of Elements of Metallurgy and basic science skills
Rationale: The Fuels, Furnaces, Refractories and Pyrometry course is to prepare students for careers in metallurgy engineering where knowledge of Fuels, Furnaces, Refractories and Pyrometry can be applied to the advancement of technology. All important metallurgical operations like extraction of metals, melting, heat treatment etc. are carried out in various metallurgical furnaces. Fuels are basic requirements of furnaces and play a major role in quality and cost of any metallurgical product. Optimum utilization and quality control of fuel is must in metallurgical operations. Refractories are very important material for construction of furnaces which help in the efficient utilization of heat in furnace. Knowledge of Temperature Measurement and Control is must for functioning of furnaces. Thus Fuels, Furnaces, Refractories and Pyrometry course will enable students to solve metallurgical problems upon graduation while at the same time, provide a firm foundation for the pursuit of graduate studies in metallurgy engineering.
SYLLABUS
Content:
1 Temperature Measurement and Control: Basic concept of temperature measurement and control. Thermocouples: Principal, calibration, types and advantages. Optical and Radiation pyrometers: principle, construction, working and advantages.
2 Fuels - General : Definition, Comparative study of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Constitution, classification and grading of coal. Testing of fuels like: Grindability, Caking properties, calorific value, Proximate and ultimate analysis, Flash and Fire point, viscosity etc. Non-conventional Energy Resources like Nuclear fuel, Solar, Wind, Geo-thermal, Bio-mass, Hydrogen etc.
3 Fuels - Manufacturing: Carbonization of coal: Coke making and by-products. Producer gas, Water gas, Natural gas, LPG, Blast furnace gas, Coke oven gas, LD gas. Storage of fuels. Combustion of fuels and problems based on air supplied, excess air and products of combustion.
4 Furnaces: Definition and Classification of Furnaces, Batch furnaces, Continuous furnaces. Construction and working of furnaces like Cupola, Induction furnace, Arc furnace, Resistance furnace, Pit furnace, Rotary furnace, Muffle furnace etc.
Reference Books:
1. Elements of Fuels, Furnaces and Refractories, O. P. Gupta, Khanna publication.
2. Fuels, Furnaces and Refractories, J. D. Gilchrist
3. Fuels, Furnaces, Refractories and Pyrometry,-A.V.K. Suryanarayana, B. S. Publication
4. Industrial Furnaces - Vol. I & II, W. Trinks and M. H. Mawhiney, Wiley
5. Refractories, F.H.Norton, McGraw-Hill
6. Refractories, M. L. Mishra
Course Outcome:
After learning the course the students should be able to:
1. Explain various temperature measurement and control devices.
2. Compare different types of fuels and describe their testing methods.
3. Explain the coke making process and its by-products recovery.
4. Explain the use of different Non-conventional energy Resources for metallurgical applications.
5. Explain different aspects of Combustion process of fuels and Solve problems based on this.
6. Classify and explain Construction and working of different furnaces.
7. Analyze causes of Heat losses in furnaces and suggest methods of minimization it and Waste heat recovery.
8. Explain various Properties, manufacturing and testing of refractories.
9. Select the relevant refractory material for the metallurgical operations.
10. Demonstrate the ability to use the core concepts of engineering application in Fuels, Furnaces, Refractories and Pyrometry.
11. Demonstrate the ability to select the proper type of furnace with relevant refractory material, use appropriate Fuel and temperature measurement device to obtain qualitative solutions of given metallurgical operation.
List of Experiments:
1. To study working of thermocouple and calibrate a given thermocouple.
2. To measure the temperature of a red hot object using Optical /Radiation Pyrometer.
3. To study and identify different types of fuels.
4. To carry out proximate and ultimate analysis of a given coal sample.
5. To determine calorific value of a solid and liquid fuel.
6. To determine Flash and fire point of a fuel oil.
7. To determine the viscosity (in ‘Redwood seconds’) of a liquid hydrocarbon and effect of temperature on the viscosity. Evolution of heat and flame temperature. Available heat. Natural, forced, induced and balanced draft. Chimney height, Heat losses in furnaces and minimization. Waste heat recovery. 5 Refractories: Definition, Classification, Properties and testing of refractories. General Production method of refractories, Selection of refractories for metallurgical applications, Special types of refractories. 10 17 Total 60 100
8. To study the different types of furnaces.
9. To study the properties and applications of different refractories.
10. To determine permeability number of a refractory sample.
11. To study pyrometric cone equivalent (PCE) test of a refractory sample.
Design based Problems (DP)/Open Ended Problem:
1. Chart of different temperature measurement and control devices.
2. Problems based on Combustion of fuels.
3. Chart of different Furnaces.
4. Chart of flow-sheet of refractory production.
5. Collection and Study of various types of fuel, refractories and temperature measurement devices.
6. Group discussion and Presentations on recent fuel scenario and advancement in furnace technology.
7. Any other problem decided by faculty based on syllabus.
Major Equipment:
1. Thermocouples
2. Milivoltmeter
3. Thermometer
4. Optical / Radiation Pyrometer
5. Muffle furnaces
6. Dessicators
7. Kjeldahl’s flask
8. Digital electronic balance
9. Bomb-Calorimeter
10. Pensky-Martens Apparatus
11. Redwood Apparatus No. 1 and 2
12. Permeability meter
List of Open Source Software/learning website:
1. http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/
2. www.ocw.mit.edu
ACTIVE LEARNING ASSIGNMENTS: Preparation of power-point slides, which include videos, animations, pictures, graphics for better understanding theory and practical work – The faculty will allocate chapters/ parts of chapters to groups of students so that the entire syllabus to be covered. The power-point slides should be put up on the web-site of the College/ Institute, along with the names of the students of the group, the name of the faculty, Department and College on the first slide. The best three works should submit to GTU.
METALLURGY ENGINEERING (21)
FUELS, FURNACES, REFRACTORIES AND PYROMETRY
SUBJECT CODE: 2152104
B.E. 5th SEMESTER
Type of course: Engineering Science
Prerequisite: Knowledge of Elements of Metallurgy and basic science skills
Rationale: The Fuels, Furnaces, Refractories and Pyrometry course is to prepare students for careers in metallurgy engineering where knowledge of Fuels, Furnaces, Refractories and Pyrometry can be applied to the advancement of technology. All important metallurgical operations like extraction of metals, melting, heat treatment etc. are carried out in various metallurgical furnaces. Fuels are basic requirements of furnaces and play a major role in quality and cost of any metallurgical product. Optimum utilization and quality control of fuel is must in metallurgical operations. Refractories are very important material for construction of furnaces which help in the efficient utilization of heat in furnace. Knowledge of Temperature Measurement and Control is must for functioning of furnaces. Thus Fuels, Furnaces, Refractories and Pyrometry course will enable students to solve metallurgical problems upon graduation while at the same time, provide a firm foundation for the pursuit of graduate studies in metallurgy engineering.
SYLLABUS
Content:
1 Temperature Measurement and Control: Basic concept of temperature measurement and control. Thermocouples: Principal, calibration, types and advantages. Optical and Radiation pyrometers: principle, construction, working and advantages.
2 Fuels - General : Definition, Comparative study of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Constitution, classification and grading of coal. Testing of fuels like: Grindability, Caking properties, calorific value, Proximate and ultimate analysis, Flash and Fire point, viscosity etc. Non-conventional Energy Resources like Nuclear fuel, Solar, Wind, Geo-thermal, Bio-mass, Hydrogen etc.
3 Fuels - Manufacturing: Carbonization of coal: Coke making and by-products. Producer gas, Water gas, Natural gas, LPG, Blast furnace gas, Coke oven gas, LD gas. Storage of fuels. Combustion of fuels and problems based on air supplied, excess air and products of combustion.
4 Furnaces: Definition and Classification of Furnaces, Batch furnaces, Continuous furnaces. Construction and working of furnaces like Cupola, Induction furnace, Arc furnace, Resistance furnace, Pit furnace, Rotary furnace, Muffle furnace etc.
Reference Books:
1. Elements of Fuels, Furnaces and Refractories, O. P. Gupta, Khanna publication.
2. Fuels, Furnaces and Refractories, J. D. Gilchrist
3. Fuels, Furnaces, Refractories and Pyrometry,-A.V.K. Suryanarayana, B. S. Publication
4. Industrial Furnaces - Vol. I & II, W. Trinks and M. H. Mawhiney, Wiley
5. Refractories, F.H.Norton, McGraw-Hill
6. Refractories, M. L. Mishra
Course Outcome:
After learning the course the students should be able to:
1. Explain various temperature measurement and control devices.
2. Compare different types of fuels and describe their testing methods.
3. Explain the coke making process and its by-products recovery.
4. Explain the use of different Non-conventional energy Resources for metallurgical applications.
5. Explain different aspects of Combustion process of fuels and Solve problems based on this.
6. Classify and explain Construction and working of different furnaces.
7. Analyze causes of Heat losses in furnaces and suggest methods of minimization it and Waste heat recovery.
8. Explain various Properties, manufacturing and testing of refractories.
9. Select the relevant refractory material for the metallurgical operations.
10. Demonstrate the ability to use the core concepts of engineering application in Fuels, Furnaces, Refractories and Pyrometry.
11. Demonstrate the ability to select the proper type of furnace with relevant refractory material, use appropriate Fuel and temperature measurement device to obtain qualitative solutions of given metallurgical operation.
List of Experiments:
1. To study working of thermocouple and calibrate a given thermocouple.
2. To measure the temperature of a red hot object using Optical /Radiation Pyrometer.
3. To study and identify different types of fuels.
4. To carry out proximate and ultimate analysis of a given coal sample.
5. To determine calorific value of a solid and liquid fuel.
6. To determine Flash and fire point of a fuel oil.
7. To determine the viscosity (in ‘Redwood seconds’) of a liquid hydrocarbon and effect of temperature on the viscosity. Evolution of heat and flame temperature. Available heat. Natural, forced, induced and balanced draft. Chimney height, Heat losses in furnaces and minimization. Waste heat recovery. 5 Refractories: Definition, Classification, Properties and testing of refractories. General Production method of refractories, Selection of refractories for metallurgical applications, Special types of refractories. 10 17 Total 60 100
8. To study the different types of furnaces.
9. To study the properties and applications of different refractories.
10. To determine permeability number of a refractory sample.
11. To study pyrometric cone equivalent (PCE) test of a refractory sample.
Design based Problems (DP)/Open Ended Problem:
1. Chart of different temperature measurement and control devices.
2. Problems based on Combustion of fuels.
3. Chart of different Furnaces.
4. Chart of flow-sheet of refractory production.
5. Collection and Study of various types of fuel, refractories and temperature measurement devices.
6. Group discussion and Presentations on recent fuel scenario and advancement in furnace technology.
7. Any other problem decided by faculty based on syllabus.
Major Equipment:
1. Thermocouples
2. Milivoltmeter
3. Thermometer
4. Optical / Radiation Pyrometer
5. Muffle furnaces
6. Dessicators
7. Kjeldahl’s flask
8. Digital electronic balance
9. Bomb-Calorimeter
10. Pensky-Martens Apparatus
11. Redwood Apparatus No. 1 and 2
12. Permeability meter
List of Open Source Software/learning website:
1. http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/
2. www.ocw.mit.edu
ACTIVE LEARNING ASSIGNMENTS: Preparation of power-point slides, which include videos, animations, pictures, graphics for better understanding theory and practical work – The faculty will allocate chapters/ parts of chapters to groups of students so that the entire syllabus to be covered. The power-point slides should be put up on the web-site of the College/ Institute, along with the names of the students of the group, the name of the faculty, Department and College on the first slide. The best three works should submit to GTU.
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